Learning and Development Disorders
While all children learn at their own pace, and many often learn at a slower pace than others, there are some who are exceptionally challenged and may have a developmental disorder.
A developmental disorder may hinder how a child performs outside school in everyday tasks, such as dressing or feeding themselves. Developmental disorders are not the same as mental or physical disabilities, and they do not speak to a child’s intelligence.
Our neurology providers refer out for neuropsychological testing and are not performed in our office. These tests are given by a PhD specializing in neuropsychology. Please contact your school or PCP for more information about neuropsychological testing.
Common Developmental Disorders
In addition to autism spectrum disorder, some of the common developmental disorders we diagnose and treat include:
Autism
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a complex developmental disability. It impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others and typically appears very early on in childhood. This condition affects all children differently and to varying degrees, and these certain sets of behaviors unique to autism are assigned to a spectrum.
Developmental Delay
A developmental delay means that your child may not be meeting appropriate developmental milestones at certain ages regarding skills associated with:
- Cognitive thinking
- Social and emotional interaction
- Speech and language
- Fine and gross motor movements
- Everyday tasks such as dressing, feeding and generally caring for one’s self
Causes & Symptoms
Causes contributing to a learning or developmental disorder can vary. A specific reason or explanation may never be found in more than half the children suffering from these issues. In some children, a link can be made to one of the following identifiable causes:
- Genetics and a family history of learning or developmental disorders
- Chemical imbalances in the brain
- A traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Environmental factors
- Complications or illness experienced during pregnancy or childbirth
Common signs of a learning or developmental disorder may include:
- Lack of enthusiasm for reading, writing, or math
- Trouble memorizing things
- Working/functioning at a slow pace
- Difficulty understanding and following directions
- Inability to stay focused or on task
- Lack of attention to detail, or too much attention to detail
- Poor social skills or inability to interact with others
- Disruptiveness
- Temper tantrums
- Not meeting developmental milestones at certain ages. Click below for developmental details for each age group.
Diagnosis
To accurately diagnose a learning or developmental disorder, we must test for many things. Oftentimes, a hearing and vision test, along with a general physical exam, are performed to rule out any existing medical conditions.
A more in-depth analysis will involve a combination of written and verbal tests, physical tests on skills such as balance and coordination, or highly specialized games if evaluating a very young child. This typically takes place over several hours in our office and may be divided up into multiple sessions, if needed.
Additionally, parents and teachers will be asked to contribute detailed observations on their child’s behavior at home and at school.
Treatment
Treatment will vary for each of these disorders and must be suited to the individual child. In general, early intervention is the best approach. The sooner we can identify what is causing your child to be challenged academically, developmentally, and physically or socially, the sooner we can give them tools to tackle these issues.
We may suggest any one or a combination of these to help:
- Specialized physical or occupational therapy
- An IEP (individualized education program), or special education services, agreed upon by you and your school to aid in academic settings
- Extra tutoring, whether at school or outside, as needed
- Medication
- Dietary and behavioral modifications
Resources
Website Resources
- American Academy of Pediatrics
- Easter Seals
- Healthy Children
- National Down Syndrome Society
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- PACER: Bullying Prevention Center
Support Groups
Tips/Handouts
Pediatric Neurology Care in Central Austin, South Austin, & Cedar Park, TX
If you are concerned about your son or daughter’s learning or development, please contact Child Neurology & Consultants of Austin to schedule an evaluation today with one of our pediatric neurologists in Central Austin, South Austin, or Cedar Park. Call (512) 494-4000 or book an appointment online.
